Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Nd:YAG):

• Properties: Emits at 1064 nm in the infrared; good thermal conductivity and mechanical strength.
• Applications: Widely used in medical systems, manufacturing (cutting, engraving), military designators, and research.

Titanium-Doped Sapphire (Ti:Sapphire):

• Properties: Offers a very broad tuning range from about 660 nm to 1050 nm; can produce extremely short pulses.
• Applications: Used in ultrafast spectroscopy, micromachining, and as a tunable laser for a variety of scientific applications.

Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Lithium Fluoride (Nd:YLF):

• Properties: Emits at 1047 nm and 1053 nm; lower thermal conductivity than Nd:YAG but offers better energy storage capabilities.
• Applications: Preferred in precision laser machining and certain types of medical diagnostics.

Neodymium-Doped Yttrium Orthovanadate (Nd:YVO4):

• Properties: High absorption and emission cross-sections which allow for efficient laser operation at lower pump powers.
• Applications: Used in laser pointers, printing, and various marking applications.

Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminum Garnet (Er:YAG):

• Properties: Emits at 2940 nm, which is highly absorbed by water, making it suitable for medical applications.
• Applications: Skin resurfacing, dental surgery, and other medical procedures where water absorption is beneficial.

Ytterbium-Doped Materials (Yb:YAG, Yb:KGW, Yb:KYW):

• Properties: Operate efficiently at high temperatures; emit in the 1-1.1 μm range, which is ideal for high-power applications.
• Applications: Used in high-power cutting and welding systems, and as seed lasers for fiber amplifiers.