Description
Items Notes：
- Size, mm: The first lists the dimensions of the crystal in millimeters; W*H*L(mm)
- θ, deg: The second represents the phase-matching angle θ in degrees. This is the angle at which phase matching occurs for nonlinear optical processes.
- φ, deg: The third represents the azimuthal angle φ in degrees. This angle specifies the orientation of the crystal axis in the plane perpendicular to the propagation direction.
- Coating: The fourth describes the coating applied to the crystal, specifying the wavelength range for which the coating is optimized (e.g., P/P @ 400-800 nm).
Description: DKDP (Potassium Dihydrogen Phosphate) is a nonlinear optical crystal widely used in various applications due to its high transparency range, significant nonlinear coefficients, and excellent phase matching capabilities. It is extensively employed in laser technology, frequency conversion, and electro-optic applications.
Physical and Chemical Properties:
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | KD₂PO₄ |
| Crystal Structure | Tetragonal, 42 m |
| Optical Symmetry | Negative Uniaxial (no > ne) |
| Space Group | 42 m |
| Density | 2.355 g/cm³ |
| Mohs Hardness | 2 |
| Thermal Conductivity | kₓᵧ = 1.9×10⁻² W/cmK |
| k_z = 2.3×10⁻² W/cmK | |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficients | α₁₁ = 2.1×10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ |
| α₃₃ = 4.4×10⁻⁵ K⁻¹ | |
| Transmission Range | 0.18 – 1.5 µm |
| Residual Absorption (at 1.06 µm) | 0.005 cm⁻¹ |
| Measured Refractive Index (at 1.06 µm) | no = 1.4931 |
| ne = 1.5282 | |
| Sellmeier Equations (λ, µm) | |
| no² | 2.12409 + 0.1274 / (λ² – 0.01135) – 0.01388 λ² |
| ne² | 2.12470 + 0.12170 / (λ² – 0.01516) – 0.00297 λ² |
| Phase Matching Range Type 1 SHG | 410 – 3300 nm |
| Phase Matching Range Type 2 SHG | 530 – 3300 nm |
| Walk-off Angle | 55.9 mrad (Type 1 SHG 1064 nm) |
| Angular Acceptance | 1.2 mrad x cm (Type 1 SHG 1064 nm) |
| Thermal Acceptance | 70 K x cm (Type 1 SHG 1064 nm) |
| Nonlinearity Coefficients | |
| d₃₁ | ± 2.2 pm/V |
| d₂₂ | d₂₂ = d₃₁ ± 0.08 pm/V |
| Effective Nonlinearity Expressions | |
| d_coe = d₃₁ sinθ – d₃₂ cosθ sin3φ | |
| d_oee = d₃₁ cosθ – d₃₂ cosθ cos3φ | |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficient | |
| α₁₁ = 4 x 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ | |
| α₃₃ = 36 x 10⁻⁶ K⁻¹ | |
| Damage Threshold for TEM₀₀ | |
| > 0.5 GW/cm² at 1064 nm, 10 ns | |
| > 50 GW/cm² at 1064 nm, 1 ps | |
| > 200 GW/cm² at 800 nm, 100 fs, 5 Hz |
Physical and Optical Properties Difference between KDP and DKDP
| Crystals | KDP | DKDP |
|---|---|---|
| Chemical Formula | KH₂PO₄ | KD₂PO₄ |
| Symmetry | 42 m | 42 m |
| Hygroscopicity | High | High |
| Density, g/cm³ | 2.332 | 3.355 |
| Thermal Conductivity, W/cmK | kₓᵧ = 1.9×10⁻² | kₓᵧ = 1.9×10⁻² |
| k_z = 2.3×10⁻² | k_z = 2.3×10⁻² | |
| Thermal Expansion Coefficients, K⁻¹ | α₁₁ = 2.5×10⁻⁵ | α₁₁ = 2.1×10⁻⁵ |
| α₃₃ = 4.4×10⁻⁵ | α₃₃ = 4.4×10⁻⁵ | |
| Transmission Range, µm | 0.18 – 1.5 | 0.18 – 1.5 |
| Residual Absorption, cm⁻¹ (at 1.06 µm) | 0.04 | 0.005 |
| Measured Refractive Index (at 1.06 µm) | nₓ = 1.4938 | nₓ = 1.4931 |
| n_y = 1.5093 | n_y = 1.5087 | |
| n_z = 1.5291 | n_z = 1.5282 | |
| Sellmeier Coefficient, λ – wavelength in µm | ||
| A | 2.259726 | 2.12409 |
| B | 0.132668 | 0.1274 |
| C | 13.00522 | 13.2120 |
| D | 400 | 126.905 |
| E | 0.018096 | 0.01516 |
| Nonlinear Coefficient, d36, pm/V (at 1.06 µm) | 0.39 | 0.42 |
| Effective Nonlinear Coefficient | ||
| Type 1 | d_eoo = d₃₆ × sinθ × sin2φ | d_eoo = d₃₆ × sinθ × sin2φ |
| Type 2 | d_oee = d₃₆ × sinθ × cos2φ | d_oee = d₃₆ × sinθ × cos2φ |
| Laser Damage Threshold, GW/cm² at 1.06 µm | 10 ps = 10 | 10 ps = 10 |
| 15 ns = 3 | 25 ns = 2 |
Phase Matching Angles and Bandwidths for SHG of 1064 nm
| Crystal | Type of Phase Matching | Cut Angle θ, deg | Δθ (angular), mrad | ΔT (thermal), K | Δλ (spectral), nm | Walk-off, mrad |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| KDP | Type 1 ooe | 41.2 | 1.1 | 10 | 21 | 28 |
| Type 2 ooe | 59.1 | 2.2 | 11.8 | 4.5 | 25 | |
| DKDP | Type 1 ooe | 36.6 | 1.2 | 32.5 | 6.6 | 25 |
| Type 2 ooe | 53.7 | 2.3 | 29.4 | 42 | 25 |
Standard Specifications
| Specification | Value |
|---|---|
| Flatness | λ/6 at 633 nm |
| Parallelism | < 20 arcsec |
| Surface Quality | 20 – 10 scratch & dig (MIL-PRF-13830B) |
| Perpendicularity | < 5 arcmin |
| Angle Tolerance | < 30 arcmin |
| Aperture Tolerance | ± 0.1 mm |
| Clear Aperture | 90% of full aperture |
Applications:
- Frequency Doubling: Widely used for second harmonic generation (SHG) of lasers, including Nd
and Nd
lasers.
- Optical Parametric Oscillators (OPOs): Suitable for generating tunable wavelengths.
- Electro-Optic Modulators: Employed in high-speed electro-optic applications.
- Ultraviolet (UV) Generation: Effective in producing UV light through nonlinear processes.
Processing and Handling:
- Surface Protection: To maintain the integrity of DKDP crystals, a protective coating may be applied during handling and processing.
- Machining: Requires careful handling to avoid damage to the crystal structure during milling or other machining processes.
Why Choose Shape Optics?
At Shape Optics, we pride ourselves on our comprehensive expertise and advanced capabilities in the field of optical materials and components. Our commitment to quality and innovation has positioned us as a leader in the industry, serving a diverse range of applications from scientific research to industrial manufacturing.
- Advanced Manufacturing: Shape Optics utilizes state-of-the-art equipment and techniques to ensure the highest precision and quality in our products. Our manufacturing processes are designed to meet the stringent demands of modern optical applications.
- Customization: We understand that every project is unique. Shape Optics offers customized solutions tailored to meet the specific needs of our clients. Whether you require specific dimensions, coatings, or performance characteristics, we have the flexibility to deliver.
- Quality Assurance: Our rigorous quality control processes ensure that every product we deliver meets the highest standards of performance and reliability. Shape Optics is committed to continuous improvement and excellence in all aspects of our operations.
- Expertise and Support: With a team of highly skilled professionals, Shape Optics provides unparalleled technical support and expertise. Our team is dedicated to helping you achieve optimal results in your optical applications.
- Global Reach: Shape Optics serves clients worldwide, providing reliable and timely delivery of products. Our global network ensures that we can meet your needs wherever you are located.
- Sustainability and Responsibility: Shape Optics is committed to sustainable practices and responsible manufacturing. We strive to minimize our environmental impact while delivering high-quality optical solutions.
DKDP crystals from Shape Optics represent the pinnacle of quality and performance in optical materials. With our advanced capabilities, commitment to quality, and customer-centric approach, Shape Optics is your ideal partner for all your optical needs. Explore the possibilities with our DKDP crystals and experience the Shape Optics difference.
For more information, please visit our website at Shape Optics or contact us directly to discuss your specific requirements.
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